The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how political rituals have been used to secure and enhance political legitimacy of the supreme leaders Kim Ilsung, Kim Jongil, Kim Jongun in the DPRK(North Korea) In particular, I will focus mainly on the supreme leader’s anniversary such as April 15th, Kim Ilsung’s birth day called the day of the sun, February 16th, Kim Jongil’s birth day called the day of Kwangmyungsung, Kim Jongun’s birth day, July 8th called the President Kim Ilsung Memorial day, December 17th called the President Kim Jongil Memorial day
I assume that political rituals are ultimate propaganda festivals Ritual performance includes a set of techniques to affect the identity and legitimacy to be away from individuality At a first glance, the form and meaning are seen as autonomous to show their patriot, but are elaborate As a set of legitimacyaffecting techniques, the elements of political rituals can be integrated into religious and secular settings Therefore, I believe that political rites have played key roles in establishing legitimacy and leadership succession
Political rituals are not rational and desirable responses, but a most effective set of techniques to manipulate the pubic’s identity for the sake of loyalty In fact, all otherness and distinctiveness, individual or otherwise, internal or external is the natural enemy of the ritual mode
The is structure of this dissertation is described below In the third chapter, I examine the political rites of the Kim Ilsung era from 1952 through 1994 Until the mid1960s, North Korea paid little attention to the political rites for Kim Ilsung, however, after the appearance of his son, Kim Jongil, he tried to strengthen the rites for his father and to refer to its own approach as “socialism with North Korean characteristics” The political rituals encompassed confucianism and familism of traditional Korea In the mid1970s, unlike his father, Kim Jongil strengthened a set of new techniques to secure his own political legitimacy As Kim Jongil’s political leadership became powerful, he tried to create a symbolic territory for “us”
In the forth chapter, I analyze the political rites of the Kim Jongil era from 1994 to 2011 The death of Kim Ilsung meant that North Korea and its supreme leadership, Kim Jongil were confronted with crisis Kim Jongil officially started the work of the Cause of perpetuating memory of Kim Ilsung by designating the formal threeyear mourning period for Kim Ilsung In addition to that, he started to emphasis on Militaryfirst politics through the Korean People’s Army(KPA) The political rites of this period can be integrated into socialist, Confucian, North Korea’distinct characteristics Kim Jongun appeared and Kim Jongil began to prepare Kim Jongun for succession to leadership in 2009
In the fifth chapter, I analyze the political rituals of the Kim Jongun era from 2011 to 2016 Current North Korean leadership Kim Jongun used his father’s funeral to stamp his own leadership on the public’s mind as North Korea’s next leader He started to rule with behest of Kim Jongil The political rites of this period can be integrated into socialist, Confucian, North Korea’distinct characteristics, but the bottom line is that Kim Jongun has emphasized on moral influence and treating the public respectfully It would be reasonable to be expected to continue for a while
Obviously, the political rituals for the birth and death of the exNorth Korean Presidents played pivotal roles in strengthening political legitimacy However, since North Korea suffers from its frail economy, excessive spendings for idolism and leakages of information on supreme leadership, the way of political rituals is needed to be change As we know, one of the most urgent tasks of Kim Jongun is to maintain the North Korean regime through various and onerous political rituals In conclusion, the political rituals in North Korea would be a doubleedged sword

"제1장 서론 1

제1절 연구 목적 1
제2절 연구 범위와 방법 6
1 연구 범위 6
2 선행연구 검토 11
3 연구 방법과 분석틀 17

제2장 이론적 논의 23

제1절 기억의 정치와 기념일 23
1 기억의 정치와 집단기억 23
2 기념일과 숫자의 정치화 26
제2절 정치적 의례의 개념과 기능 33
1 정치적 의례의 개념과 범주 33
2 정치적 의례의 기능 38
제3절 정치적 의례의 사례 41
1 사회주의 체제와 정치적 의례 41
2 전통적 유교문화와 정치적 의례 54

제3장 김일성 시대의 정치적 의례 63

제1절 415 상징화와 항일혁명전통 63
1 한국전쟁과 김일성의 40회 생일 63
2 항일혁명전통과 출생 기념행사의 시작 69
제2절 김정일의 등장과 김일성 출생 의례의 제도화 84
1 김정일의 등장과 김일성 개인숭배 강화 84
2 김일성 출생 기념 의례의 확대와 제도화 92
제3절 216의 상징화와 김정일 후계체제 구축 113
1 ‘당중앙’과 출생 기념행사의 시작 113
2 김정일 후계체제 구축과 백두산 상징화 122
제4절 소결 128

제4장 김정일 시대의 정치적 의례 131

제1절 김일성 정치적 의례의 계승 131
1 김일성 사망과 3년상 의례 131
2 김일성 출생 의례 계승과 전통화 141
제2절 선군정치와 김정일 출생 의례의 제도화 151
1 선군정치와 백두산 관련 의례 강화 151
2 김정일 출생 기념 의례의 확대와 제도화 157
제3절 축포야회와 김정은 후계체제 구축 164
1 김정일 후계 논의와 축포야회 164
2 김정은 후계체제 구축과 선군 상징화 172
제4절 소결 178

제5장 김정은 시대의 정치적 의례 180

제1절 김일성김정일 정치적 의례의 계승 180
1 김정일 사망과 3년상 의례 180
2 선군정치와 김일성, 김정일 출생 의례 계승 195
제2절 18의 상징화와 인격적 리더십 강화 201
1 18의 상징화와 김일성김정일주의 201
2 1월8일수산사업소와 인격적 리더십 강화 211
제3절 소결 219

제6장 결론 221

■ 참고문헌 226
■ ABSTRACT 260"