The novels of North Korea pay emphasis on collective story writing which reflect political circumstances and this unitary current continued in the times of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Ⅱ. But there was a little change in points of reflect people's social conflict which embedded in life. Compared with in 1980s, policy of Nodong ruling party in 1990s was strengthed, and this tendency directly reflected in the novels of North Korea. That have relation to national crisis which North Korea confronted in 1990s. In 1990s the novels of North Korea showed a tendency to discontinuity the novels of North Korea in 1980s. Because of the novels of North Korea in 1990s would rather followed the guideline of Nodong Party than uphold the writers' automomy and the diversity of theme to overcome crisis which North Korea confronted. Namely, the novels of North Korea in 1990s, made and idol of Kim Il Sung, and the novels played communism construction and revolution were in control. According to conflict theories of literature of North Korea, this dissertation clear up the how hostile conflict, non-hostile conflict which reflected in the novels of North Korea in 1990s. Frist, in 1990s, there was formation of non-hostile conflict accompanied by participatin or rejection to communism construction and revolution to overcome crisis which North Korea confronted. For example, conflict acompanied by love and one's view of marriage between man and woman, conflict between husband and wife, conflict between a children born of one's first wife and stepmother, conflict between parents and children were in control. And the novels of North Korea also dealed with social problems which North Korea confronted, namely one's view of occupation, the gap between rural areas and urban areas, and an evil of bureaucracy. Second, in 1990s, the novels of North Korea dealed with hostile conflict. But officially there is no exploiting class in North Korea, so the novels of North Korea dealed with conflict accompanied by political system and such conflict was in control, for example between North Korea and USA, conflict between capitalism and communism, conflict between view of nation reunification between South Korea and North Korea. Third, the majority of novels which made an idol of Kim Ⅱ Sung were written in 1990s. So the worship and beautification to Kim Ⅱ Sung was expressed in the novels of North Korea, and it is impossible to expressed critique and conflict to Kim Ⅱ Sung in novels of North Korea. Kim Ⅱ Sung was exaggeratively idealized as an incarnation of loyalty, incarnation of love, innate greatman, speculative leader, a man of thought, theorist, and great strategist.

This dissertation also clear up literary meaning of conflict which reflected in the novels of North Korea in 1990s. First, the novels of North Korea not only showed an emphasis on lyricism, diversification of the subject and a subject material, generation shift in writers, change of editorial direction of literary journal, consideration of popular enjoyment, but also contributed establishment of legitimacy of Kim Jong Il. Though the novels of North Korea dealed with social conflict externally, but always there was an intention to overcome social problem which North Korea confronted. So there was always a problems of schematization in the novels of North Korea. For example schematic idolization of Kim Il Sung, propaganda fo policy of Nodong Party, monotonous formation of conflict plot. The literary world of North Korea recognized and criticized the serious problem of schematization of their novles, and suggested diverse plans. But literature regarded as ideological weapon, and writer regarded as vanguard of ideological war and propaganda in North Korea. This is the role of the novels and the duty of writer in North Korea, so there was innate limitation to overcome schematization. Forth, the novlels of North Korea in 1990s revealed the serious separation between novels and real situation, problem solving through one dimensional man, schemitization of hero, subject and plot. Nevertheless there was a little change in social conflict which reflected in the novels of North Korea in 1990s. This have important literary meaning to predict social conflict which North Korea will be confront in future. Upon comparison with orthodox Marxian literary theory which justify the conflict between class, the novels of North Korea neither follewed the orthodox Marxian literary theory nor regarded as nationalism literature though the novels of North Korea claimed to stand for nationalism. So it may be given as a conclusion that the novels of North Korea in 1990s was idolization of Kim Ⅱ Sung's ruling philosophy and justification of Kim Jong Il's legitimacy, and propaganda tool of what should of them.

목차 ⅰ

＜국문초록＞ Ⅰ

Ⅰ. 序論 1

1. 問題 提起 1

2. 硏究史 檢討 6

3. 硏究 範圍와 方法 17

Ⅱ. 北韓文學에 나타난 葛藤樣相 23

1. 非敵對的 葛藤 24

2. 散對的 葛藤 27

3. 無葛藤 28

Ⅲ. 小說에 反影된 非敵對的 葛藤 32

1. 個人的 葛藤 32

1) 男女 間의 葛藤 32

2) 家族構成員 間의 個人葛藤 48

2. 社會的 葛藤 70

1) 職業에 대한 葛藤 70

2) 都市와 農村 間의 葛藤 76

3) 官僚主義에 대한 葛藤 83

Ⅳ. 小說에 反影된 敵對的 葛藤 87

1. 階級 間의 葛藤 87

2. 體制 間의 葛藤 90

1) 北ㆍ美間의 葛藤 90

2) 資本主義와 社會主義 間의 葛藤 94

3) 南ㆍ北韓의 統一觀에 대한 葛藤 97

Ⅴ. 小說에 反影된 無葛藤 104

1. 人間으로서의 形象 106

1) 思索하는 指導者 106

2) 뛰어난 理論家 109

3) 大膽한 戰略家 112

2. 絶對者로서의 形象 115

1) 忠孝의 化身 115

2) 사람의 化身 122

3) 하늘이 낸 偉人 130

Ⅵ. 葛藤樣相의 文學的 意義와 限界 135

1. 文學的 意義 135

1) 多樣한 社會變化의 受容 135

2) 金正日을 金日成과 同一視 142

3) 金正日의 首領 이미지 構築 144

2. 文學的 限界 148

1) 社會現實과의 誇張된 距離 148

2) 單純 人物의 設定 155

3) 圖式性의 問題 159

Ⅶ. 結論 167

＜參考文獻＞ 173

＜abstract＞ 191