Throughout 2024, dominant powers such as the United States, China, and Russia either sought to uphold or establish an international order centered on themselves. To this end, they vigorously engaged in coalition building to expand their influence, while other countries that were caught in this strategic competition actively pursued survival strategies of their own. The United States continued the diverse coalition-building initiatives pursued in 2023 into 2024, aiming to diminish the influence of rivals such as China and Russia. This approach was clearly reflected in the atmosphere of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit, held in Washington, D.C., from July 9 to 11, 2024. During his address at the summit, U.S. President Joe Biden underscored that NATO fundamentally embodies “democratic values.” He criticized authoritarian regimes for attempting to overthrow the international order that has endured for more than 80 years, citing Russia’s invasion of Ukraine as a prominent example of such efforts.
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