This research analyzes the Saemaul Movement and the Chollima Jakupban Movement as a development strategy based on a group-based mobilization. While the successful mobilization needs peoples’ active participation, the collective nature of the development indicates that the collective action problems might occur without appropriate countervailing mechanism. This research focuses on the ground-level incentive system to clarity the possibility of collective action problem in both movmements. The incentive system of the Saemaul Movement and the Chollima Jakupban Movement is similar in providing collective material incentives to the groups as a whole while no individual material incentive to the ordinary group members. Both movements empowered group leaders by providing concentrated social incentives to make them encourage and persuade group members’ participation. Both movements were able to promote mass’s participation with the commitment of core group leaders. However, after the initial successful stage, the collective action problem occurred and each movement responded to it differently with different underlying assumptions. While the Saemaul Movement emphasized making of the diligent, hard-working, rational individual without implementing countervailing mechanism, the Chollima Jakupban Movement was designed to overcome the problem of pursuit of their self-interests, concomitant of North Korean socialist state-building. This different response made each development path diverges.