North Korea constructed cities according to Socialist ideology and the ‘Juche’ philosophy. Rather than large cities, North Korea built middle or small-sized cities in order to discourage frequent moving of people, concentration of population, and overcrowded cities. Facilities that would enhance a city’s self-sustainable nature were also established. Large squares, as well as education and administration facilities, were installed to expand the city’s public functions and space, and region-friendly industrial complexes were positioned there as well. Currently, the South Korean scholars cannot possibly examine the North Korean cities firsthand, while very little data are made available as well. Only coming into the 2000s relevant studies started to gain momentum. Documents, testimonies from North Korean citizens who escaped, and other forms of visible data would hopefully provide us with details that would better our understanding of North Korean cities, changes in the population’s lives, and of course, North Korea itself. Gaeseong, which is one of the important cities of North Korea, sustained relatively light damage from the war, so it was able to preserve historical remnants of the past, which had existed there ever since the Goryeo dynasty period. Now, Socialist city functions have been added to the original ones, and the city is growing into a city of history and culture, and also that of light industry. Gaeseong was recently named as part of World Heritage, and the Gaeseong Industrial Complex is now continuously changing the face of the region. The social and economic changes in the Gaeseong area and also changes in its status inside North Korean society will most surely affect the internal structure and landscape of the Gaeseong city as well.