The Russo-Japanese War was the global war which took place for the first time in the twentieth century.The war covered the entire parts of the Korean Peninsular,and north and north eastern regions of China and was the Imperial War that began and ended in the Korean Peninsular. The purpose of this research is to make an in-depth study on the Hamgyeongdo Battle focusing on the concept of the military operations and organizations, and the historical significance of the Russo-Japanese War. The main stage of the Russia-Japan War which started on February 6,1904 was moved to Manchuria, after the Japanese troops crossed the Aprokgang River (Yalu) in May the same year. During the war,Hamgyeongdo Province was the only battle area in the Korean Peninsular. But from the historical perspective, the battle which took place in the area was the ‘forgotten war’ and the ‘last war’ which took place at the frontier area in the land. The Hamgyeongdo Battle was characterized as the land and naval warfare which was intricately waged around the border between the Korea and Russia, and the East Sea. Winning or losing the war was significant for both Russia and Japan. But after the Japanese troops consecutive victories at the battles in Manchurian region and the Vladivostok and Baltic Naval Fleets were defeated in arow,the Russian forces lost the irinitiative. Since July 1905,as the Russia troops deployed its Korean detachment unit in Hamgyeongdo areas and the Japan established the command headquarters in the northern part of Korea,the battles resumed between them Hamgyeongdo Battle was waged in large areas. Except for remote mountainous regions in some Northwestern parts, the main cities and roads were devastated by war. Although the Japanese troops continued to win the battles and gained the overwhelming upper hand, the things were in ups and downs. On September 5 1905, Russia and Japan signed 「Treaty of Portsmouth」 and the two nations agreed to sign a ceasefire treaty in Hamgyeongdo areas, in September 16. However, the withdrawal of the Russia troops was completed on November 30. The war lasted for 21 months causing human lives, leaving physical and mental sufferings and damages in the region