Recently, the international aid communities have been actively discussing the broader aspects of the effectiveness of aid by improving the quality of development effectiveness. Especially after Korea joined the OEDC DAC (2009-11), developing countries have increasingly sought the know-how of Korea's science and technology policy. As such, establishing the policy, including the expansion of the ODA in the arenas of science and technology, is necessary. Therefore, it is useful to examine the implications for Korea by studying the successful and failed cases of science and technology ODA of Japan, one of the major advanced countries. After analyzing the trend of Japan's aid policy in the area of science and technology, it was understood that Japan is examining the allocation of aid, and re-examining the functional aspect of the aid for the effectiveness of its operation. Based on these facts, implications for Korea's ODA business strategy can be drawn from Japan's ODA business status analysis. Firstly, examining Japan's economic growth (or economic cooperation with Asia) illustrates that aid systems should be constructed to follow an open regional cooperation systems, instead of export-led aid systems. Secondly, mutually beneficial system (model) construction is urgently needed. Thirdly, the effectiveness of ODA diplomacy should be maximized by developing a program that will train human resources, who will lead the ODA diplomacy in the area of science and technology. Lastly, the development of science and technology in ODA target countries (such as North Korea, which has been neglected) is also necessary.