In the past two decades, it appears that China has improved its relationship with South Korea without deterioration in its relationship with the North. China is the only country that has relatively effective channels of communication with both South and North Korea. However, in fact, these bilateral relations face challenges and China is distrusted by both. The distrust from the North mainly originates from the uncertainty about security protection. While the distrust from the South is mainly due to the China-North Korea military alliance. China is facing a dilemma on the Korean peninsula: no matter how it strengthens or weakens its alliance with the North, it will inevitably hurt one of its friends. No matter how good China’s intentions are, its actions are questioned by the two Koreas. The way out of the dilemma is not to attempt to balance its respective bilateral relationships with the two Koreas, but to finish the Cold War and build a peace regime on the peninsula.
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