The Korean Peninsula has reached the peak of military tension due to North Korea’s continuous saber-rattling with nuclear threats. Now that North Korea claims the status of a nuclear weapon state, it becomes more difficult to achieve North Korea’s denuclearization through negotiations. This paper intends to draw major lessons from the European confidence building of the Helsinki Process to apply to the Trust-building Process on the Korean Peninsula in order to resolve North Korea’s nuclear issues. Three factors were derived from the Helsinki Process: building confidence between enemy countries by enhancing transparency, openness, and predictability on military matters; establishing a verification regime both to enhance confidence and to ensure compliance with agreements by concerned parties; and institutionalizing the negotiation and verification process. Based on these three factors, a three-step approach to build trust in resolving North Korea’s nuclear issues with the international community has been developed. Before restarting the Six Party Talks to denuclearize North Korea, North Korea should show a positive attitude toward denuclearization including declaration of its will to denuclearize by setting a moratorium on its existing nuclear and missile program and capabilities. To induce the North to come to negotiations for dismantling its nuclear program, facilities, materials, and weapons in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible way, South Korea needs to adopt a two-track strategy toward North Korea with a strategy of deterrence and pressure on the one side and diplomacy on the other. In the consultation process, South Korea needs to develop a grand package deal by combining economic assistance and non-aggression assurances of five states in exchange for North Korea’s acceptance of intrusive verification for a complete denuclearization. For such a package deal, the U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction Program becomes a good point of reference.
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