Since 1995 when North Korea called for help from abroad in order to alleviate food supply gaps, European NGOs have been operating in North Korea, despite the fact that the creed of these NGOs are obviously at odds with the Kim Jong Il dictatorship. This article attempts to explore reasons for the cooperative relations between European NGOs and the Kim Jong Il dictatorship, through focusing on capacity building by European NGOs in and for North Korea. According to our findings, a successful experience of the European NGOs is based on a ‘help for self-help’ approach as well as a long-term opportunity costs approach which involves time-consuming and risky rural development with and for local people on the spot. It is also a process of mutual learning for the NGOs and North Koreans, through which the ‘global justice’ of Sen experiences a new sustainable dimension.
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