This article examines the factors that affect the adjustment of North Korean refugees in South Korea. Regarding the refugees' adjusbnent in Korean society, existing researches generally focused on their material circumstances. However, most of the refugees suffer from various kind of psychological difficulties. Psychiatrist usually shed light on pathological phenomena of their mental health. Their difficulties can be derived not only from severe experiences during the escape but also from cultural differences between North and South. Acculturation theory provide useful ideas to allev ia te their psychological difficulties. People does often underestimate cultural difference between two nations because of their homogeneity with regard to customs, history and language etc. The ignorance of difference may enforce North Korean refugees to assimilate rather than integrate with South Korea, in that acculturation asks reciprocal approach . Put differently, acculturation can be successful when we pursue the social integration as a process.