[학술논문] An Arms Race between South and North Korea: A Causality Test
...explores a possibility of an arms race between South and North Korea using Granger causality test for the period 1953-2002. An error correction model in a multivariate framework including South Korea’s GDP is employed. The estimation results indicate no existence of an arms race between two Koreas but a unidirectional causality running from defense spending of North Korea to that of South Korea. In...
[학술논문] Economic Growth and Trade of North Korea with China: Cointegration and Granger Causality Test
...growth. The estimation of the VECM shows that in the long-run, exports, imports, and investments Granger-cause income through error correction mechanism, but not vice versa. With respect to short-term causality, however, the variables have slight causal relations with one another except for the causality that flows from imports to exports. This observation shows that traditional barter-type settlement...