[뉴스] Putin’s China Visit Highlights Military Ties That Worry the West

President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia attended a trade fair on Friday in a northeastern Chinese city and toured a state-backed university famous for its cutting-edge defense research, highlighting how economic and military ties between the countries have grown despite, or perhaps because of, Western <em>pressure</em>.

[법/인권] 북한인권과 불처벌의 관행

...국무부는 미국 여권으로 북한을 여행할 수 없다고 발표했다. 이는 단순히 미국인의 방북을 막는 것 이상의 결과를 낳았다. 2011년 이후 북한을 한 번이라도 여행한 적이 있는 사람은 더 이상 무비자로 미국에 입국할 수 없게 된 것이다.&nbsp;<br /> 미국인의 북한 여행금지령은 트럼프 행정부의 &lsquo;최대 압박&rsquo;(maximum <em>pressure</em>) 전략의 일환이기도 했다. 북한여행 금지령은 미국 인도주의 단체의 지원을 급격히 줄어들게 만들었다. 유엔과 민간 구호단체들은 사실상 대북 인도적 지원을 중단할 수밖에 없었다. 비록 &lsquo;강력한 인도적 사유&rsquo;가 존재할 경우 여행금지를 면제해 주지만 문제는 미국 정부가 그 사유에 대해 매우 좁은 해석을 내리고 있다는 점이었다. 또한 미국...

[학술논문] HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMMING IN THE DPRK, 1996 TO 2009: THE U.S. ADMINISTRATION AND CONGRESS

...since 1996. This article breaks down the assistance into three phases: the initial phase, when DPRK-U.S. tension began over the monitoring protocol; the second phase, with increasing congressional <em>pressure</em> to make further assistance contingent on improved monitoring; and the third phase, in which U.S. concerns over monitoring were partially addressed. The article explores various,possibly overlapping...

[학술논문] ‘천안함’ 사건 이후의 한반도 정세

...the ROK&rsquo;s current campaign will pay off in the end with a North Korean surrender. However, as North Korea led by the ailing demigod ruler Kim Jong Il continues to withstand the international <em>pressure</em>, it looks true too that North Korea&rsquo;s own survival is becoming increasingly more risky as China, North Korea&rsquo;s only remaining ally, is finding the price, not merely economic but diplomatic...

[학술논문] The Right Approach to Change North Korea: Consistent <em>Pressure</em> as Learned from Chicken Game Theory

...in the implementation of their policies. If democratic nations succeed to keep consistent <em>pressure</em>, North Korea would change its patterns of behavior, like a child who recognized the clear red lines of the parents. It will be very difficult to maintain the principled policies consistently and keep the <em>pressure</em> on North Korea, because public opinion, domestic and international, would press the governments...

[학술논문] Neither Peace, Nor War in Korea: A Russian Assessment of Past, Present and Future

...pivotal role in such a change of approaches as well as in engaging Pyongyang. The North Korean regime shows no signs of imminent collapse and should be dealt with as a long-term actor in Korea. As <em>pressure</em> and sanctions do not help obtain the goals of denuclearization, peace, stability and development, an engagement policy with the North to bring about transformation and modernization of the regime...

[학술논문] The Impacts of the “Berliner Mauerfall” and the Unification of Germany for the Tasks of Korean Unification - Focused on the Northern Policy of Roh Tae-woo and the Sunshine Policy of Kim Dae-jung -

...exchanges and cooperation between the South and the North, even though his &ldquo;Northern Policy&rdquo; had the West German Ostpolitik as its reference. But Roh&rsquo;s Northern Policy aimed to put <em>pressure</em> on North Korea through the improvement of relations with the Soviet Union, China, and other eastern block countries. For the most part Kim Dae‐jung inherited the Northern Policy of Roh. However, Kim...

[국내] North Korea as Iran’s Counterfactual: a Comparison of Iran and North Korea Sanctions

...observers of international affairs could see the stark contrast between the progress that the international community was able to make vis-&agrave;-vis Iran and its failure to achieve even a semblance of <em>pressure</em> with respect to North Korea.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> There is little doubt that the comprehensive sanctions regime that exists in the case of Iran, as well as the lack thereof for North Korea...

[국내] 북한의 '간부혁명' 추진 동향 및 시사점

...excessive mobilization of labor and materials onto cadres. The Cadre Revolution is likely to weaken policy implementation capacity in the long term by increasing cadres&rsquo; fatigue and anxiety and lowering their morale. As the <em>pressure</em> on cadres intensifies and they extract excessive supplies and labor from the general public, the relationship between them and the general public is expected to worsen.

[국내] 대북 인도적 지원의 전략적 포지셔닝

...implementing humanitarian principles; an indirect approach to implementing humanitarian principles; an approach focused on improving inter-Korean relations; and an approach focused on increasing <em>pressure</em> on North Korea. The Yoon administration should recognize that humanitarian assistance to North Korea is a mid-to-long-term task and adequately employ and combine strategies according to the situation...

[국내] 북한인권 개선을 위한 다면적 접근 원칙과 전략

...rights policy. Specifically, the new administration should adhere to the following principles: the universality of human rights; the interdependent nature of human&nbsp;rights issues; the combining of <em>pressure</em> and engagenment tactics; and the continuation of practical approaches. Toward adopting a multifaceted approach, the Yoon government ought to actively cooperate with global society and reinforce its...

[국내] 유럽연합과 북한·중국 인권대화의 남북인권대화 추진 관련 시사점

...North Korea was less than that of between the EU and China. The achievements of the human rights dialogue include promoting mutual understanding of human rights norms and systems, and the effect of <em>pressure</em> on some individual human rights issues. However, the closed-door human rights dialogue under the quiet diplomatic stance has not achieved enough to realize substantial human rights improvement. This...