Background: In this study;we aimed to investigate the recent trends for health care indicators including maternal mortality ratio;infant mortality rate;under-five mortality rate;life expectancy;years of life lost;and healthcare resources in South Korea;North Korea;Germany;Russian Federation;Mongolia;Vietnam;China;Czech Republic;Poland;and Hungary. Methods: We used data from five sources: World Health Organization;Federal Institute for Population Research;World Bank;Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development health statistics;and national statistics. Results: In the early 1990s;health indicators continued to improve in countries that switched to the health insurance system;but the gap widened in North Korea as health indicators worsened. Conclusion: The establishment of a sustainable health care system after unification of the Korean peninsula requires substantial changes in the health care system and efforts to improve the health of North Koreans.