The purpose of this study is to promote mutual understanding between South and North Korea’s dance education by conducting a comparative research on dance sections of the first grade textbooks of South and North Korea. As the result of the study, the differences in textbook structure and contents were found. First, the comparison of the textbook structure and format showed differences in the textbook name, number of books, number of pages, unit composition, instructional time, and illustrations. Second, the comparison of the contents of dance teachinglearning revealed differences in learning purpose, learning contents, teaching-learning process, and vocabulary of dance education. While South Korean dance education emphasized free expression and creation, North Korean dance education focused on learning basic knowledge and skills in dance. Despite of these differences, there were also the similarities in learning subjects and approach. Both countries had the similar learning subjects such as feelings of spring and movements of plants and animals. Also, they used the lyrical movements to broaden understanding in music. There are pros and cons in South Korean dance education focusing on expressive lessons and in North Korean dance eduction focusing on the functional lessons. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the elements of homogeneity and heterogeneity of dance education in South and North Korea and to start seeking ways to integrate dance education of two countries.