The Hygiene Culture Project was one of the major nationwide project in North Korea in the late 1950s. It was actively promoted by the government as a mass mobilization movement that brought in a wide range of population from children to the elderly, from production sites to schools and homes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the background and development of the Hygienic Culture Project, and to identify the soci- etal and political factors that drove the project. The Hygiene Culture Project began as a communicable diseases prevention project in the 1940s. From 1958, when the transformation of the socialistic economic system was complete, however, public hygiene was promoted as part of a broader cul- tural revolution. The hygiene Culture Project not only included previous disease prevention programs, but expanded to encompass the improvement of general living environment and everyday life. Through routine “hygiene inspection” to peoples’ living rooms, the nation was able to intervene in the everyday lives of the people. This also allowed the nation to mobilize the people who were not involved in labor, such as students, mothers and the elderly. With the Hygienic Culture Project, “hygienic lifestyle” became an ideal “socialist lifestyle.” The Hygiene Culture Project was a mass re- construction project that transformed people suitable to the new socialist system.