Primary care is the first contact for health care and address most of the initial medical needs making one of the key elements of the health care system. It with providing comprehensive and continuous health-related medical services would improve the overall health level of the people through disease prevention health education and health management. Amid the recent aging of population increasing of chronic diseases and the resulting medical costs primary care has emerged as a good solution to enhance efficiency and equity of the overall health care system. South Korea has successfully introduced a landmark national health insurance system it has still various problems with the health care system due to vulnerability in the primary care. Demand for health care will continue to increase after the unification of the two Koreas with the importance of primary care being emphasized more than now. Various studies are being conducted in the health sector in preparation for unification of the Korean Peninsular but none of them are available on securing the primary care of the two Koreas. Therefore this study analyzes the current status of primary care in the two Koreas and suggests ways to secure primary care in each phase of unification as well as the way towards Unification Health Community.For more scientific and evidence-based research results various research methods are used including a survey on and in-depth interviews with North Korean defectors along with reviews on literature domestic and abroad as well as on documents of North Korea.This study set it as a principle to gradually secure the primary care system of the two Koreas based on the stages to achieve the Unification Health Community as presented in the existing study. The way towards a Unification Health Community consists of four stages the current stage of “inter-Korean cooperation” the initial unification stage of “recovery support” the middle unification stage of “system assimilation” and the final unification stage of the “Unification Health Community”. At the stage of both “inter-Korean cooperation” and “recovery support” the South Korean government should first aim to restore the collapsed health care system in North Korea implementing the health care support project for North Korea strategically while within the South the government should establish primary care system with a firm policy commitment and in a systematic approach. To this end the South should successfully address important issues such as establishment of the medical delivery system expansion and empowerment of primary care personnel andprimary care-oriented reimbursement system in the public health insurance. In the "system assimilation" stage the goal is to raise the North Korean health care system to a level that can be integrated with the South Korea’s. Both governments would attempt to integrate the primary care system in earnest. It is important to complement the strengths and weaknesses of the two systems with each other. At the final stage of “Unification Health Community” unified health system has its own unified primary care system which should continuously find a way to develop and improve itself. To this end all people including politicians medical staff academia should work together to fulfill the important national task of strengthening primary care.

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