이 논문은 김일성2027;김정일2027;김정은으로 이어 온 역대 북한 통치자 통일담론의 특징을 규명하고, 지속과 변화의 관점에서 비교 연구한 결과물이다 통일담론은 ‘통일문제에 대해 설복2027;강제 등 권력 효과가 있고, 이데올로기를 품은 일정한 길이를 가진 통치자 혹은 다중의 말과 글’로 정의한다 모든 담론을 국가가 생산2027;유통2027;통제하는 북한에서 통일담론은 체제 유지에 필수적인 대중 설득과 동의, 동원을 이끌어 내는 중요한 수단이다
먼저 김일성 시대의 통일담론은 자주와 혁명, 전쟁투쟁 등 군사주의를 중시하는 특징을 갖고 있다 반미와 주한미군 철수를 불변하는 체제 유지 담론으로 활용하며 나라 안팎의 정세에 따라 무력과 평화 공세, 대화와 협상 담론을 적절히 구사해 왔다 김정일 때는 민족공조론과 현실2027;실용주의를 중시하는 통일담론으로 남한과의 교류2027;협력에 나서 경제적2027;외교적 어려움을 극복하는 등 국가 위기를 넘겼다 특히 두 번의 남북정상회담은 체제 공존과 연방제 통일에 대한 기대감을 높여 주었다 김정은 집권 후에는 김일성2027;김정일이 강조하던 통일담론의 기반 위에 국가사회주의 담론인 애국주의를 내세우며 경제핵 병진노선을 표방하고, 핵2027;미사일 등 대량살상무기 개발에 몰두하는 군사주의로 다시 회귀하고 있다
북한의 통일담론은 남한과 국제사회를 겨냥해 발화할 때가 많지만 대부분은 북한 국내용임이 확인되었다 특히 분단 이후 70년 이상 불변하는 통일담론인 반미와 미군철수담론도 결국은 북한 내부용으로 드러났다 독재 권력을 유지하고, 대를 이어 세습하기 위해 통치이데올로기로 통일담론을 동원한 것이다.
This dissertation investigates the characteristics of the unification discourse that has come down from North Korean leaders Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un It is a product of comparative research from the point of view of continuity and change Discourse on unification is defined as “the words and writings of a ruler in power for a certain period of time or a multitude harboring an ideology that manifests characteristics of power such as persuasion or coercion” In North Korea, where the production and distribution of all discourse is controlled, discourse on unification is an important method in persuading, gaining the approval of and mobilizing the masses, which are essential in maintaining the existing order
First of all, during the Kim Il Sung regime, discourse on unification was characterized by a strong military emphasis: selfreliance, revolution, war and struggle Opposition to America and the withdrawal of American forces in Korea were part of the rhetoric used to maintain the existing regime; furthermore, depending on the situation within and outside the nation, military force, peace initiatives, dialogue and negotiations were adequately employed
During the Kim Jong Il regime, discourse on unification focused on the theory of ethnic coexistence as well as on realism and pragmatism This approach led to exchanges and cooperation with South Korea, which in turn helped North Korea overcome national crises of an economic and diplomatic nature In particular, the two interKorean summits raised expectations about coexistence of the two systems and reunification as a federal state
Following his ascent to power and on the foundation of the discourse on unification emphasized during the Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il regimes, Kim Jong Un emphasized patriotism rooted in national socialism Kim Jong Un would sway back and forth between the economy and nuclear weapons, eventually returning to state militarism by focusing entirely on the development of nuclear weapons, missiles and other weapons of mass destruction
North Korea’s discourse on unification seems to aim at South Korea and the international community; however, even though the discourse is frequently incendiary, it has been verified that this discourse is actually aimed at the domestic North Korean audience In particular, the antiAmericanism and demand for the withdrawal of American forces that have characterized North Korea’s discourse on unification since the division of Korea 70 years ago has been shown to be for the internal audience North Korea has been using the discourse on Unification as an ideology to maintain autocratic power and pass on power to descendants.
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