1.The setting of people who escape from North Korea

The reasons of people who escape from North Korea are people go to other countries to get food, people who refuse the system of North Korea, people who want to come South Korea for food, and refugees that UN accepts them by UNHCR. Because the large number of escaping situation of North Korea is appeared by problems of the nature, the systems, and political at the same time, some people insisted that escaping North Korean have to become refugees and protect them. Especially, because of destroying of the nature, lack of management ability, etc, people suffer from poverty, so people leave North Korea to survive. Therefore, we have to called t! hem refugees and treat them by international law. Normally, the corresponding of refugee is decided by refugee's number, urgency, time and characteristic. By this, the best way to solve this problems is Humanitarianism, realistic, and efficiency of policy. Now North Korea depends on other countries help but this can not block the escaping people. Therefore, escapers appear and come to South Korea continuously, and especially we can predict the rate of people who escape to South Korea will keep its rate.

Because of economic hardship in North Korea, many N. Korean have escaped to China since 1997. During 1997-1999, when many people escaped, many N. Koreans thought that South Korea is the heaven and since 2000, many N. Korean have tried to come to South Korea by many ways. Politically, China doesn't accept them as refugees and want to solve it by peacefully ways. Because of this, many religious groups and NGO try to change Chinese policies. However, processing of escaping N. Korean doesn't solve and it makes worse happening. From first making periods of 2002, many hundred people escape to South Korea bout many thousand escapers are gone back or live in china with fear. Moreover, by strict regulation of N. Korea and China, the escape becomes harder.

The most important reason of the escape is lack of food. Even though problem is solving and getting better, the escape is still working and people who already escape would not go back. The reasons for this are punishments and their families. If they go back to N. Korea, they will get punishments and their families will hurt, so they choose to go S. Korea or china, Like N. Korean said that the number one reason of the escape is lack of food and economic hardship, it changes from 1990s. Recently, some people who escape didn't experience lack of food and economic arduous. Their reasons are for children and live better lives. As shown, they have changed their purpose, survive with living better lives.

2. The level of settlement policy

Many escapers choose China or other countries embassies and this becomes the conflicts between China and Japan. This is the point which we should change our views of the escapers. The most important thing is that the escapers have to be protected. The request of refugee for them is obvious. For this, many communities work. Therefore, this problem can be more complex. China should rule people who escape to china. In this problem, china should think relations! hip with N. Korea If China accepts them as refugees, then they have to accept others, and China is very afraid about this. Therefore, kick them to other countries can be the best way of China. Of course, China should think escapes that are in China first. It wants to have and answers for them S. Korea government should effort to china should stop to send people back to n. Korea The large number of the escape needs the ability and the system of reception in s. Korea. For example, the lumber of escapers becomes 10,000 per year or 1000 at a time; it needs specific systems like emergency system. Because S. Korea can not support them in present system, we need more steps. Recently, the issue of escapers leads attentions about escapers and requests the ability to care them. By many escapers, come to s. Korea, we need their information, care centers, education, etc. By this, many people think that the system of N. Korea becomes destroyed or not. For escapers, the education is one of requirements because the purpose of education should become them to become parts of the society. When the escapers want to become parts of the society, they need their own economic ability. Therefore, they need safety jobs. For this, they need to understand s. Korean society and adapt to society. Moreover, they need complex steps for mentality. This tells that many adaptation education and jobs are needed and we should fix many laws and systems for them.

Many escapers have hardships because they don't have ability to stand. They don't have safety jobs and can not adapt society. This leads them to become as aliens in S. Korea. As shown, making escapers to live well in s. Korea, we need new systems and having heart to care them.

3. Changing policy and steps for N. Korea escapers

There are one research paper about escapers of adaptation in s. Korea. This research shows that 71.8% say that they don't have oppositions to capitalism. It shows that they adapt capitalism. Also it says that they have hardship about language and families, but 60% say they are happy about their jobs. This research shows that escapers can feel afraid to our society. Therefore, they need educations of new lives. It will make them more democratic people who can decide their own. Very first term of escape is very important, so the education should take on this moment. Since now, many escapes did not prepare fore new lives. They just came here to survive! However, we need new systems for their adaptation because they come here to live.

In the midst of 1990, the participation of citizen for escapes was just protection escapers' place. However, it increases more. After the midst of 1990, the interest to escapers was increased but many people helped escapers for their own purposes like counseling, food etc. Nevertheless, many useful systems are appeared now. Like YWCA, etc, they help escapers more specifically. The adaptation education can be divided into three groups, education for life, introduction of society, and differences between North and South Korea. These will help them to overcome hardship in new society. Moreover the escapers have to effort to adapt to new society by theses steps.

목차 ⅰ

제1장 서론 1

제1절 연구목적 1

제2절 연구범위와 방법 3

제2장 북한이탈주민의 상황적 배경 5

제1절 북한이탈주민의 개념정의 5

1. 북한이탈주민의 개념정의와 국제법 5

2. 북한이탈주민의 개념정의와 국내법 7

3. 북한이탈주민의 개념정의와 북한법 9

4. 북한이탈주민의 개념정의 10

제2절 북한이탈주민의 성격과 입장 13

1. 국제법안에서 북한이탈주민의 이해 13

2. 주변 국가들이 보는 북한이탈주민의 입장 16

3. 분단국가들이 보는 북한이탈주민의 성향 21

제3절 북한이탈주민의 배경분석과 평가 26

1. 북한이탈주민의 탈북과정 26

2. 북한이탈주민의 배경 29

3. 북한이탈주민의 동기 31

4. 북한이탈주민의 유형 33

제3장 북한이탈주민 정착정책의 단계적 발전유형 38

제1절 현지문제로만 본 방치정책 38

1. 성적차별을 통한 유형 39

2. 노동착취와 강제소환을 통한 유형 41

제2절 국내외 도전으로 형성된 수용정책 44

1. 교육정책 45

2. 체계지원 정책 50

제3절 정착의 기본단계로 본 경제정책 57

1. 직업교육정책 57

2. 사회보조정책 60

제4장 북한이탈주민 지원정책 개선방향 65

제1절 북한이탈주민의 적응실태 65

1. 체제적응실태 67

2. 생활적응실태 69

3. 문화적응실태 73

제2절 북한이탈주민 실태의 평가와 방향 75

1. 삶에 대한 평가 75

2. 경제에 대한 평가 77

3. 지역사회의 평가 78

제3절 북한이탈주민 수용정책의 개선방향 82

1. 민간단체의 정착지원 82

2. 정부정착지원 87

제4절 북한이탈주민 법률ㆍ사상적 및 경제적 정책방향 103

1. 지원정책방향 103

2. 법ㆍ제도적 정책방향 105

3. 경제적 정책방향 108

제5절 북한이탈주민을 위한 정책제시와 방향 113

1. 삶의 질을 높이는 단계로서의 경제정책 113

2. 안정적 정착을 위한 교육적응 정책방향 114

3. 조직ㆍ구조를 통한 법률ㆍ제도적 정책 방향 117

제5장 결론 120

제1절 요약 120

제2절 정책제언 124

＜ 참고문헌 ＞ 127

설문지 139

ABSTRACT 144