이 연구는 김정은 시대 북한의 남북대화 전략에 대한 분석을 통해 향후 남북대화 재개 시 우리의 정책적 고려사항을 제시하고 있다. 이를 위해 김정은 시대의 남북대화 전략을 대남 기조, 남북대화 시각, 남북대화 특징으로 구분하여 검토하였다. 그리고 김정은 시대를 박근혜 정부와 문재인 정부 시기로 구분하였다. 이는 우리 정부의 대북정책 변화에 따라 북한의 대응도 달라질 것이라는 전제에 기반하고 있다. 북한은 박근혜 정부 시기에 대남 기조를 강온양면 전략에서 무시 전략으로 전환하였다. 남북대화는 긴장국면 탈출구와 북중관계 개선의 계기로 인식하는 시각을 보여주었으며, 대화 특징은 남북대화에 적극적 태도를 보여줌과 동시에 새로운 회담 형태인 「남북고위당국자 접촉(‘2+2’)」을 시도하였다. 문재인 정부 시기에는 대남 기조를 북미관계 교두도 확보전략에서 남북관계 주도권 장악을 위한 압박전략으로 전환하였다. 그리고 남북대화는 평화공존과 북미정상회담 디딤돌로 인식하였으며, 대화 특징은 군사 문제의 중점 논의, 북핵 의제화, 파격 형식으로 나타났다. 이러한 김정은 시대 남북대화 전략을 통해 볼 때 향후 남북대화 재개시에는 가시적 성과의 도출 가능성이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 차원에서 미중 정상회담과 베이징 동계올림픽을 남북대화의 계기로 활용할 필요가 있다. 나아가 남북대화에서 명분(상징)과 실리(현안)의 동시 추구가 필요하며, 남북대화의 제도화를 통해 지속가능성을 확보해 나가야 한다.
This study presents policy considerations when resuming inter-Korean talks in the future by analyzing North Korea's inter-Korean talks strategies during the Kim Jong-un era. It divides the North-South talks strategies of the Kim Jong-un era into the keynote towards South Korea, the perspective, and the characteristics of inter-Korean talks. This study also classifies the Kim Jong-un era into the Park Geun-Hye administration and the Moon Jae in administration, based on the premise that North Korea will respond, depending on the changes in North Korean policies of South Korea. For instance, North Korea changed its stance toward South Korea from two-way strategies to ignoring it during the Park Geun Hye administration. However, inter-orean talks served as a way out of tension and improved relations between North Korea and China during the Moon Jae-in administration. North Korea changed its stance toward South Korea from strategies to secure a bridgehead in North-South relations to pressure to seize the lead in inter-Korean relations in the Moon This study presents policy considerations when resuming inter-Korean talks in the future by analyzing North Korea's inter-Korean talks strategies during the Kim Jong-un era. It divides the North-South talks strategies of the Kim Jong-un era into the keynote towards South Korea, the perspective, and the characteristics of inter-Korean talks. This study also classifies the Kim Jong-un era into the Park Geun-Hye administration and the Moon Jae in administration, based on the premise that North Korea will respond, depending on the changes in North Korean policies of South Korea. For instance, North Korea changed its stance toward South Korea from two-way strategies to ignoring it during the Park Geun Hye administration. However, inter-Korean talks served as a way out of tension and improved relations between North Korea and China during the Moon Jae-in administration. North Korea changed its stance toward South Korea from strategies to secure a bridgehead in North-South relations to pressure to seize the lead in inter-Korean relations in the MoonJae-in administration. Hence, North Korea recognized the inter-Korean talks as a stepping stone for peaceful coexistence and the North Korea-U.S. summit. The characteristics of talks appeared to be in the form of a focus on military issues, an agenda for North Korea's nuclear program, and a breakthrough. Looking at the inter-Korean talks strategies in the Kim Jong-un era, it is expected that there is a high possibility of visible results when inter-Korean talks resume in the future. It is necessary to use the US-China summit and the Beijing Winter Olympics as an opportunity for inter-Korean talks. Furthermore, South Korea should pursue both rationales (symbol) and practical interests (current issue) in inter-Korean talks and promote the institutionalization of inter-Korean talks to be sustainable.
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