In the present volume, we analyze the dramatic escalation of tensions that accompanied the North Korean nuclear tests of January and September 2016 and that now threatens to trigger a new war on the Korean peninsula. We discuss the driving forces of the Korean nuclear crisis, review the soundness of current policies to solve it, and propose alternative approaches towards achieving durable peace and reconciliation. This volume represents the fourth installment in a five-year joint project between the Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU) and the Center for Korean Legal Studies (CKLS) at Columbia Law School in New York. The project aims to provide an ongoing legal and policy forum for advancing the causes of peace and reunification on the Korean Peninsula. In previous years, it broadly addressed foundational and contextual issues such as the roots and legal consequences of the Korean division, the implications of the geopolitical tensions pervading the peninsula, and the interaction of the North with global governance institutions and the global economy. The rapidity of the escalation in 2016, however, brought us to focus in this volume a much more targeted and concrete manner on appropriate policy responses.