[학위논문] The Extractive Institutionalization of North Korean Marketization: Dual Market Dynamics and Regional Disparities
	                                  ...define the North Korean economy. 
Given the framework, the dual dynamics of marketization are further elaborated in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 4 delves into "marketization from below," charting the rise of grassroots economic activities that have driven processes of commodification, monetization, and limited capital accumulation. Yet, it reveals the constraints of this process, as local...