[학술논문] Inter-Korean Relations in 2025: The Lee Administration's Pragmatic Recalibration after Yoon

...relations in 2025 through an analysis of domestic political rupture, the leadership transition to the liberal Lee Jae-myung administration, and the role of external dynamics. It situates developments on the Korean Peninsula within the peace-regime debates and an increasingly constrained external environment. During the Yoon Suk-yeol administration, inter-Korean relations were marked by diplomatic...

[학술논문] The Possibilities and Limitations of North-South Korean Arms Control and Future Action Plans

...South Korea’s military modernization program. Moreover, a strategic disparity, ideological confrontation, and experience of war between the two Koreas, political status of the North Korean military, diplomatic isolation of the North, and the North Korean nuclear issue restricts opportunity of arms control dialogue between the North and the South. Inter-Korean arms control can be successful only if it is...

[학술논문] China’s Military Rise and Its Implications for Regional and Peninsular Security

...important to note the continued relevance of the Korean Peninsula and the West Sea (Yellow Sea) to China’s security. The PLA’s force modernization should be subject to a regular and objective review, and the ROK planners must also continue a wide array of diplomatic and military measures including a hedging strategy, alliance politics, “limited defense sufficiency,” and domestic consensus- building.

[학술논문] The Relations between the Republic of Poland and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

The 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Poland and the DPRK causes us to take stock of the relationship. The first 40 years of bilateral relations between Poland and DPRK was set against the backdrop of the Cold War reality. During the first 20 years of this period, relations between the two nations were very close. Poland was invited to be a member of the Neutral Countries...

[학술논문] 중국 출판 조선어 교재의 문화 요소 변화 양상 연구

...on Sino-North Korean friendly relations. Furthermore, textbooks from the period immediately before the development included frequent presentations of geography and daily life culture aimed at showcasing societal progress. These evolving patterns observed in Korean language textbooks published in China can be interpreted as a reflection of the political and diplomatic shifts between North Korea and...

[해외] China is confronting new realities on the Korean Peninsula

...framework shaped by systemic stability, risk management, and the need to prevent further regional deterioration. From Beijing’s perspective, the peninsula is not merely a nuclear issue or a bilateral diplomatic problem between Washington and Pyongyang. Multiple pressures and strategic issues have converged, including North Korea’s further consolidation of its nuclear status after the Ninth Party Congress...

[해외] North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs

...President Donald J. Trump and Kim broke down. According to the U.S. Intelligence Community's 2025 Annual Threat Assessment (ATA), Kim Jong-un views nuclear weapons as a "guarantor of regime security" and has "no intention" to renounce them. Congress could examine U.S. policies toward North Korea, including the implementation of sanctions, diplomatic efforts, and changes to U.S. and allied force posture.

[해외] Pyongyang’s diplomatic calculus in an unstable multipolar order

... Given historical volatility in Russia-DPRK relations and the contingent nature of wartime cooperation, Moscow is best understood as a situational partner rather than as a permanent ally. This recognition explains Pyongyang’s parallel effort to stabilize relations with Beijing. China remains North Korea’s most important economic lifeline and diplomatic buffer against international sanctions. Yet the...

[해외] Rethinking North Korea diplomacy

...geopolitics in Northeast Asia are shaping peace and instability on the Korean Peninsula. Recent signals from both Trump and Kim indicate openness to a meeting, pointing to a potential pathway to renewed diplomatic engagement. Paradoxically, however, such signals may also complicate the long-standing objective of North Korean denuclearization. The central question, then, is whether a resumption of diplomacy...

[해외] North Korea Resumes Criticism of the US While Moderating Rhetoric, Accelerates Exchanges With China

...criticism of Washington, yet carefully calibrated its rhetoric to avoid foreclosing future negotiations. At the same time, North Korea-China exchanges appear to have accelerated across the political, diplomatic, military and economic spectrums since September, when Kim Jong Un held his first summit with Chinese President Xi Jinping in more than six years. For the foreseeable future, North Korea will likely...