[학술논문] Survivalist North Korea’s Selective Tourism Development: Kim Jong Un’s Leadership Legitimacy

...2020, North Korea pursued development of a tourism industry on levels unlike before despite perceived ‘threats’ — ideological and political — that international tourism opening purportedly poses to a socialist system. For autarkic, atomized, isolationist, hyper-security conscious and heavily sanctioned post-totalitarian North Korea, tourism development surprisingly functions to...

[학술논문] Contemplating Tourism Politics and North Korea’s Post-Pandemic World

...opened more widely to tourism as his regime pursued tourism development for multifarious purposes. However, social changes, changing external environment, and the authorities’ responses to them are reshaping the country including tourism. Nevertheless, while in limbo during the pandemic years, tourism development was not abandoned. How has Pyongyang’s outlook for tourism changed during the...

[학위논문] 북한 토지이용권 연구 : 중국·북한 비교분석

...the Geumgangsan tourism zones, and the Kaesong industrial zones have been designated as special economic zones. Kaesong operated for 12 years until 2016 and is now suspended. Experience in negotiating up to the seventh round of land use rights with North Korea, developing land, and supplying land use rights is evidence. North Korea, which enacted and promoted the Economic Development Zone Act in 2013...

[학위논문] 북한 경제특구의 문제분석과 대안연구

...executed. But in spite of the failure of the Sineuiju Special Administrative Zone, Kim Jeong-il opened to the South Korean firms two special economic zones such as the "Kumgangsan Special Tourism Zone" and the "Kaeseong Industrial Zone" in October and November, the same year. coming to exhibit the substance of North Korea's 'island-opening type of special economic zone'...