[연구논문] 김정은 시대 시장화와 북한 가계소득의 불평등 상관관계에 관한 실증적 연구

...Economics, 7th edition, CENGAGE Learning. 2015, pp. 485-486.) 소득의 불평등은 필연적으로 부의 불평등으로 이어진다. 사회주의 계획경제 체제에서 경제활동을 하는 북한 주민의 소득은 국가의 공적 영역에서 급여 형태로 지급되는 공식 소득(official income)과 주민들이 시장에서 수요 공급 활동을 통해 얻은 비공식 소득(non-official income)으로 구성된다. 공식 소득은 북한의 계획경제 영역에서 국가가 지급하는 부분이라 고정되어 있고 주민들의 창의적이고 보상적인 경제활동과는 거리가 멀다. 하지만 시장경제를 통해 주민들이 얻는 사적 소득은 수요와 공급의 원리를 활용한 노력에 대한 인센티브 형태로 지급된다. 사적 소득은 시장경제의 기능이 활성화되고...

[해외자료] Assessing North Korea’s Wage Reform: 18 Months Later, Has it Improved Lives or Reinforced State Control?

Eighteen months have passed since North Korea implemented atenfold wage increase(Cabinet Decision No. 23101-9, October 2023). This landmark decision—coming after 21 years of stagnant and extremely low wages—raises an important question: how has it affected people’s...

[해외자료] Why and How Estimates of North Korean GDP by the Bank of Korea Are Deceptive

...“the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.” It measures the flow of money based on transactions in a market economy, where income and expenditure should be equal. In the case of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea), the Bank of Korea’s (BOK) estimates are the most widely cited metrics by...

[해외자료] Paradise Evaporated: Escaping the No Income Trap in North Korea

A View Inside North Korea: 35 of 36 North Koreans currently living inside North Korea said at least 75% of their household income came from the markets and not from their official government sanctioned jobs.

[해외자료] Parasite

In this episode, Andrew talks with resident North Korea experts Victor Cha and Sue Mi Terry about Bong Joon-ho’s “Parasite.” The Oscar-nominated film offers a candid commentary on income inequality within South Korean society.

[학위논문] (The) effects of complimentary allocation of agricultural land in North Korea on reducing income disparity and optimal timing of allowing the land trade after reunification

...another kind of income, land lease income which plays an important role to narrow the income gap. Moreover, on the process of urbanization and industrialization, drastic increase of land price will lead to the increase of land rent which belongs to North Koreans. By analyzing the increase of those values, it verifies the degree of contribution of land rent income to resolve income disparity between...

[학위논문] 경제위기 이후 북한 농업부문의 계획과 시장

...these developments include decentralization in the agricultural collectives in the implementation stage, limited contribution of the cashbased plan in the agricultural sector, extra income activities and growing income inequality in cooperative members, and locationinduced change of agricultural cooperatives into suburbian, borderfacing and resourceabundant typologies The important characteristics...

[학위논문] 민주평화통일자문회의 존폐논쟁과 대안

...the National Unification Advisory Council In addition to perceptional difference between the twogroups, differences found in characteristics of samples were important factors Academic background, income, political and social orientation and party support can be cited as important differences in the two samples The National Unification Advisory Council has such detailed purposes of installation...

[학위논문] 경제 위기 이후 북한 재정제도에 대한 연구 : 예산수입제도를 중심으로

...the devastated economy and to restore the state's fiscal function by increasing budget revenue. First the government abolished the previous turnover tax and net-profit based income tax and introduce new type of income tax based on net-profit before deducting labor costs for the purpose of aligning the interests of state-enterprises-employees and embracing informal economy. This is evaluated to...

[학위논문] 북한 세금관련 법제의 시기별 변화에 관한 연구

...the future changes can be prospected. Regarding the introduction of the corporate income tax(CIT) the reform of the ownership system of the state-owned enterprise will be the key and the order of introduction is difficult to predict but the CIT and the VAT are likely to be introduced at the same time. The personal income tax would be the last one.The facilitating factors for future changes include the...